CSEE 2025 EXAMINATION RESULTS

SEX

I

II

III

IV

0

F

10

13

9

6

0

M

12

23

19

7

0

T

22

36

28

13

0

CNO

SEX

AGGT

DIV

DETAILED SUBJECTS

S0499/0001

F

22

III

CIV - 'C' HIST - 'C' GEO - 'C' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'C' LIT ENG - 'C' BIO - 'D' B/MATH - 'F'

S0499/0002

F

21

II

CIV - 'C' HIST - 'C' GEO - 'C' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'C' LIT ENG - 'C' PHY - 'D' CHEM - 'D' BIO - 'C' B/MATH - 'F'

S0499/0003

F

21

II

CIV - 'C' HIST - 'C' GEO - 'C' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'C' LIT ENG - 'C' PHY - 'D' CHEM - 'C' BIO - 'D' B/MATH - 'F'

S0499/0004

F

22

III

CIV - 'C' HIST - 'C' GEO - 'C' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'C' LIT ENG - 'C' BIO - 'D' B/MATH - 'D'

S0499/0005

F

23

III

CIV - 'C' HIST - 'C' GEO - 'C' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'C' LIT ENG - 'D' BIO - 'D' B/MATH - 'D'

S0499/0006

F

25

III

CIV - 'D' HIST - 'C' GEO - 'D' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'C' LIT ENG - 'C' BIO - 'F' B/MATH - 'F'

S0499/0007

F

13

I

CIV - 'B' HIST - 'A' GEO - 'B' KISW - 'B' ENGL - 'A' LIT ENG - 'B' PHY - 'D' CHEM - 'C' BIO - 'C' B/MATH - 'C'

S0499/0008

F

20

II

CIV - 'B' HIST - 'C' GEO - 'C' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'B' LIT ENG - 'C' BIO - 'D' B/MATH - 'D'

S0499/0009

F

19

II

CIV - 'C' HIST - 'B' GEO - 'C' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'B' LIT ENG - 'C' BIO - 'D' B/MATH - 'D' COMM - 'C' B/KEEPING - 'C'

S0499/0010

F

26

IV

CIV - 'D' HIST - 'C' GEO - 'D' KISW - 'D' ENGL - 'C' LIT ENG - 'D' BIO - 'D' B/MATH - 'F'

S0499/0011

F

25

III

CIV - 'D' HIST - 'C' GEO - 'D' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'C' LIT ENG - 'D' BIO - 'D' B/MATH - 'F'

S0499/0012

F

16

I

CIV - 'B' HIST - 'A' GEO - 'C' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'B' LIT ENG - 'B' PHY - 'D' CHEM - 'C' BIO - 'C' B/MATH - 'C'

S0499/0013

F

18

II

CIV - 'C' HIST - 'C' GEO - 'C' KISW - 'B' ENGL - 'B' LIT ENG - 'C' BIO - 'C' B/MATH - 'D' COMM - 'B' B/KEEPING - 'D'

S0499/0014

F

12

I

CIV - 'A' HIST - 'A' GEO - 'B' KISW - 'B' ENGL - 'B' LIT ENG - 'B' BIO - 'C' B/MATH - 'C' COMM - 'B' B/KEEPING - 'C'

S0499/0015

F

17

I

CIV - 'C' HIST - 'B' GEO - 'B' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'B' LIT ENG - 'C' PHY - 'D' CHEM - 'C' BIO - 'C' B/MATH - 'B'

S0499/0016

F

21

II

CIV - 'D' HIST - 'C' GEO - 'C' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'C' LIT ENG - 'C' BIO - 'C' B/MATH - 'F' COMM - 'C' B/KEEPING - 'F'

S0499/0017

F

26

IV

CIV - 'D' HIST - 'C' GEO - 'D' KISW - 'D' ENGL - 'C' LIT ENG - 'D' BIO - 'D' B/MATH - 'D'

S0499/0018

F

14

I

CIV - 'B' HIST - 'B' GEO - 'B' KISW - 'B' ENGL - 'C' LIT ENG - 'B' PHY - 'C' CHEM - 'C' BIO - 'C' B/MATH - 'A'

S0499/0019

F

11

I

CIV - 'B' HIST - 'A' GEO - 'A' KISW - 'B' ENGL - 'A' LIT ENG - 'B' PHY - 'C' CHEM - 'C' BIO - 'C' B/MATH - 'B'

S0499/0020

F

19

II

CIV - 'C' HIST - 'C' GEO - 'C' KISW - 'B' ENGL - 'C' LIT ENG - 'C' BIO - 'C' B/MATH - 'B' COMM - 'C' B/KEEPING - 'C'

S0499/0021

F

22

III

CIV - 'C' HIST - 'C' GEO - 'C' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'C' LIT ENG - 'D' PHY - 'D' CHEM - 'C' BIO - 'D' B/MATH - 'F'

S0499/0022

F

18

II

CIV - 'B' HIST - 'C' GEO - 'C' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'C' LIT ENG - 'C' PHY - 'C' CHEM - 'C' BIO - 'C' B/MATH - 'A'

S0499/0023

F

27

IV

CIV - 'D' HIST - 'D' GEO - 'D' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'D' LIT ENG - 'D' BIO - 'D' B/MATH - 'F'

S0499/0024

F

24

III

CIV - 'D' HIST - 'C' GEO - 'C' KISW - 'B' ENGL - 'D' LIT ENG - 'D' BIO - 'D' B/MATH - 'F'

S0499/0025

F

21

II

CIV - 'D' HIST - 'B' GEO - 'C' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'B' LIT ENG - 'C' BIO - 'D' B/MATH - 'F'

S0499/0026

F

22

III

CIV - 'C' HIST - 'C' GEO - 'C' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'C' LIT ENG - 'C' BIO - 'D' B/MATH - 'D'

S0499/0027

F

13

I

CIV - 'A' HIST - 'A' GEO - 'C' KISW - 'B' ENGL - 'A' LIT ENG - 'B' PHY - 'D' CHEM - 'C' BIO - 'C' B/MATH - 'C'

S0499/0028

F

11

I

CIV - 'B' HIST - 'A' GEO - 'B' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'A' LIT ENG - 'B' PHY - 'C' CHEM - 'B' BIO - 'C' B/MATH - 'A'

S0499/0029

F

20

II

CIV - 'C' HIST - 'B' GEO - 'C' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'C' LIT ENG - 'C' BIO - 'C' B/MATH - 'C' COMM - 'C' B/KEEPING - 'C'

S0499/0030

F

26

IV

CIV - 'D' HIST - 'D' GEO - 'D' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'C' LIT ENG - 'D' BIO - 'D' B/MATH - 'F'

S0499/0031

F

19

II

CIV - 'B' HIST - 'B' GEO - 'C' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'C' LIT ENG - 'C' PHY - 'D' CHEM - 'C' BIO - 'D' B/MATH - 'D'

S0499/0032

F

18

II

CIV - 'C' HIST - 'B' GEO - 'C' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'B' LIT ENG - 'C' PHY - 'C' CHEM - 'C' BIO - 'C' B/MATH - 'B'

S0499/0033

F

17

I

CIV - 'C' HIST - 'B' GEO - 'C' KISW - 'B' ENGL - 'A' LIT ENG - 'C' PHY - 'D' CHEM - 'C' BIO - 'C' B/MATH - 'C'

S0499/0034

F

22

III

CIV - 'C' HIST - 'B' GEO - 'D' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'C' LIT ENG - 'C' BIO - 'D' B/MATH - 'D'

S0499/0035

F

26

IV

CIV - 'D' HIST - 'D' GEO - 'D' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'D' LIT ENG - 'C' BIO - 'D' B/MATH - 'F'

S0499/0036

F

16

I

CIV - 'B' HIST - 'B' GEO - 'C' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'B' LIT ENG - 'C' PHY - 'C' CHEM - 'C' BIO - 'C' B/MATH - 'A'

S0499/0037

F

26

IV

CIV - 'D' HIST - 'C' GEO - 'D' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'D' LIT ENG - 'D' BIO - 'D' B/MATH - 'F'

S0499/0038

F

20

II

CIV - 'C' HIST - 'C' GEO - 'C' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'C' LIT ENG - 'C' PHY - 'D' CHEM - 'C' BIO - 'C' B/MATH - 'B'

S0499/0039

M

23

III

CIV - 'C' HIST - 'C' GEO - 'C' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'C' PHY - 'D' CHEM - 'D' BIO - 'D' B/MATH - 'F'

S0499/0040

M

19

II

CIV - 'C' HIST - 'C' GEO - 'C' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'B' LIT ENG - 'C' PHY - 'D' CHEM - 'C' BIO - 'C' B/MATH - 'B'

S0499/0041

M

24

III

CIV - 'C' HIST - 'C' GEO - 'C' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'D' LIT ENG - 'D' BIO - 'D' B/MATH - 'F'

S0499/0042

M

23

III

CIV - 'C' HIST - 'C' GEO - 'C' KISW - 'D' ENGL - 'C' LIT ENG - 'D' BIO - 'D' B/MATH - 'F' COMM - 'C' B/KEEPING - 'F'

S0499/0043

M

30

IV

CIV - 'D' HIST - 'C' GEO - 'F' KISW - 'D' ENGL - 'D' LIT ENG - 'F' BIO - 'F' B/MATH - 'F'

S0499/0044

M

24

III

CIV - 'D' HIST - 'B' GEO - 'D' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'C' LIT ENG - 'D' BIO - 'D' B/MATH - 'F'

S0499/0045

M

13

I

CIV - 'A' HIST - 'B' GEO - 'B' KISW - 'B' ENGL - 'A' LIT ENG - 'B' PHY - 'D' CHEM - 'C' BIO - 'C' B/MATH - 'F'

S0499/0046

M

13

I

CIV - 'B' HIST - 'B' GEO - 'C' KISW - 'B' ENGL - 'B' LIT ENG - 'C' PHY - 'B' CHEM - 'B' BIO - 'C' B/MATH - 'A'

S0499/0047

M

20

II

CIV - 'C' HIST - 'C' GEO - 'C' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'B' LIT ENG - 'C' PHY - 'D' CHEM - 'C' BIO - 'C' B/MATH - 'C'

S0499/0048

M

12

I

CIV - 'A' HIST - 'A' GEO - 'B' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'B' LIT ENG - 'B' PHY - 'C' CHEM - 'C' BIO - 'C' B/MATH - 'A'

S0499/0049

M

18

II

CIV - 'B' HIST - 'C' GEO - 'C' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'C' LIT ENG - 'C' PHY - 'C' CHEM - 'C' BIO - 'C' B/MATH - 'A'

S0499/0050

M

24

III

CIV - 'C' HIST - 'C' GEO - 'C' KISW - 'D' ENGL - 'C' LIT ENG - 'D' PHY - 'D' CHEM - 'D' BIO - 'D' B/MATH - 'F'

S0499/0051

M

9

I

CIV - 'A' HIST - 'A' GEO - 'A' KISW - 'B' ENGL - 'B' LIT ENG - 'B' PHY - 'B' CHEM - 'A' BIO - 'B' B/MATH - 'A'

S0499/0052

M

24

III

CIV - 'C' HIST - 'C' GEO - 'D' KISW - 'D' ENGL - 'C' LIT ENG - 'D' PHY - 'D' CHEM - 'C' BIO - 'D' B/MATH - 'D'

S0499/0053

M

18

II

CIV - 'C' HIST - 'B' GEO - 'C' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'B' LIT ENG - 'C' PHY - 'C' CHEM - 'C' BIO - 'C' B/MATH - 'B'

S0499/0054

M

24

III

CIV - 'C' HIST - 'C' GEO - 'C' KISW - 'D' ENGL - 'D' LIT ENG - 'C' BIO - 'D' B/MATH - 'F'

S0499/0055

M

24

III

CIV - 'C' HIST - 'C' GEO - 'C' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'C' BIO - 'D' B/MATH - 'F'

S0499/0056

M

28

IV

CIV - 'D' HIST - 'C' GEO - 'D' KISW - 'D' ENGL - 'D' LIT ENG - 'D' BIO - 'F' B/MATH - 'F'

S0499/0057

M

20

II

CIV - 'C' HIST - 'C' GEO - 'C' KISW - 'B' ENGL - 'C' LIT ENG - 'C' PHY - 'C' CHEM - 'C' BIO - 'C' B/MATH - 'C'

S0499/0058

M

20

II

CIV - 'C' HIST - 'B' GEO - 'C' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'C' LIT ENG - 'C' BIO - 'C' B/MATH - 'F' COMM - 'C' B/KEEPING - 'D'

S0499/0059

M

21

II

CIV - 'C' HIST - 'C' GEO - 'C' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'C' LIT ENG - 'C' PHY - 'D' CHEM - 'C' BIO - 'C' B/MATH - 'C'

S0499/0060

M

15

I

CIV - 'B' HIST - 'A' GEO - 'C' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'B' LIT ENG - 'C' BIO - 'C' B/MATH - 'B' COMM - 'B' B/KEEPING - 'C'

S0499/0061

M

14

I

CIV - 'C' HIST - 'B' GEO - 'B' KISW - 'B' ENGL - 'B' LIT ENG - 'B' PHY - 'C' CHEM - 'B' BIO - 'B' B/MATH - 'B'

S0499/0062

M

29

IV

CIV - 'D' HIST - 'D' GEO - 'D' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'D' PHY - 'F' CHEM - 'F' BIO - 'F' B/MATH - 'F'

S0499/0063

M

25

III

CIV - 'C' HIST - 'C' GEO - 'C' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'D' BIO - 'D' B/MATH - 'F'

S0499/0064

M

32

IV

CIV - 'F' HIST - 'F' GEO - 'F' KISW - 'D' ENGL - 'D' LIT ENG - 'D' BIO - 'F' B/MATH - 'F'

S0499/0065

M

21

II

CIV - 'C' HIST - 'C' GEO - 'C' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'C' LIT ENG - 'C' BIO - 'D' B/MATH - 'F' COMM - 'C' B/KEEPING - 'D'

S0499/0066

M

18

II

CIV - 'C' HIST - 'C' GEO - 'C' KISW - 'B' ENGL - 'C' LIT ENG - 'C' PHY - 'D' CHEM - 'C' BIO - 'C' B/MATH - 'A'

S0499/0067

M

18

II

CIV - 'B' HIST - 'C' GEO - 'B' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'C' LIT ENG - 'C' PHY - 'D' CHEM - 'C' BIO - 'C' B/MATH - 'B'

S0499/0068

M

17

I

CIV - 'B' HIST - 'A' GEO - 'C' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'B' LIT ENG - 'C' PHY - 'D' CHEM - 'C' BIO - 'C' B/MATH - 'C'

S0499/0069

M

19

II

CIV - 'B' HIST - 'B' GEO - 'C' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'C' LIT ENG - 'C' PHY - 'C' CHEM - 'C' BIO - 'C' B/MATH - 'C'

S0499/0070

M

22

III

CIV - 'C' HIST - 'C' GEO - 'D' KISW - 'D' ENGL - 'C' LIT ENG - 'D' PHY - 'D' CHEM - 'C' BIO - 'D' B/MATH - 'B'

S0499/0071

M

20

II

CIV - 'C' HIST - 'B' GEO - 'C' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'B' LIT ENG - 'C' BIO - 'D' B/MATH - 'F'

S0499/0072

M

20

II

CIV - 'C' HIST - 'B' GEO - 'C' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'C' LIT ENG - 'C' PHY - 'D' CHEM - 'D' BIO - 'C' B/MATH - 'D'

S0499/0073

M

22

III

CIV - 'C' HIST - 'B' GEO - 'C' KISW - 'D' ENGL - 'C' LIT ENG - 'C' BIO - 'D' B/MATH - 'F'

S0499/0074

M

21

II

CIV - 'C' HIST - 'C' GEO - 'C' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'C' LIT ENG - 'C' BIO - 'C' B/MATH - 'F'

S0499/0075

M

16

I

CIV - 'C' HIST - 'B' GEO - 'B' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'B' LIT ENG - 'C' PHY - 'C' CHEM - 'C' BIO - 'C' B/MATH - 'A'

S0499/0076

M

22

III

CIV - 'C' HIST - 'B' GEO - 'C' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'C' LIT ENG - 'D' BIO - 'D' B/MATH - 'F'

S0499/0077

M

23

III

CIV - 'C' HIST - 'C' GEO - 'C' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'C' LIT ENG - 'D' BIO - 'D' B/MATH - 'D' COMM - 'D' B/KEEPING - 'D'

S0499/0078

M

14

I

CIV - 'B' HIST - 'A' GEO - 'B' KISW - 'B' ENGL - 'B' LIT ENG - 'C' PHY - 'C' CHEM - 'C' BIO - 'B' B/MATH - 'C'

S0499/0079

M

20

II

CIV - 'B' HIST - 'C' GEO - 'C' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'C' LIT ENG - 'C' BIO - 'D' B/MATH - 'C'

S0499/0080

M

20

II

CIV - 'C' HIST - 'B' GEO - 'C' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'C' LIT ENG - 'C' BIO - 'D' B/MATH - 'F' COMM - 'C' B/KEEPING - 'D'

S0499/0081

M

17

I

CIV - 'C' HIST - 'B' GEO - 'C' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'C' LIT ENG - 'B' PHY - 'C' CHEM - 'C' BIO - 'C' B/MATH - 'A'

S0499/0082

M

19

II

CIV - 'C' HIST - 'A' GEO - 'C' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'C' PHY - 'D' CHEM - 'C' BIO - 'C' B/MATH - 'C'

S0499/0083

M

24

III

CIV - 'D' HIST - 'C' GEO - 'C' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'C' LIT ENG - 'D' PHY - 'F' CHEM - 'F' BIO - 'D' B/MATH - 'F'

S0499/0084

M

20

II

CIV - 'C' HIST - 'C' GEO - 'C' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'C' LIT ENG - 'C' PHY - 'D' CHEM - 'B' BIO - 'D' B/MATH - 'C'

S0499/0085

M

22

III

CIV - 'C' HIST - 'C' GEO - 'C' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'C' LIT ENG - 'C' BIO - 'D' B/MATH - 'D'

S0499/0086

M

22

III

CIV - 'C' HIST - 'B' GEO - 'C' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'D' LIT ENG - 'C' PHY - 'D' CHEM - 'D' BIO - 'D' B/MATH - 'D'

S0499/0087

M

25

III

CIV - 'C' HIST - 'C' GEO - 'D' KISW - 'D' ENGL - 'C' LIT ENG - 'D' BIO - 'D' B/MATH - 'F'

S0499/0088

M

18

II

CIV - 'C' HIST - 'B' GEO - 'C' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'C' LIT ENG - 'C' PHY - 'C' CHEM - 'C' BIO - 'D' B/MATH - 'A'

S0499/0089

M

31

IV

CIV - 'D' HIST - 'D' GEO - 'D' KISW - 'D' ENGL - 'F' LIT ENG - 'F' BIO - 'F' B/MATH - 'F'

S0499/0090

M

23

III

CIV - 'C' HIST - 'C' GEO - 'C' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'D' LIT ENG - 'C' BIO - 'D' B/MATH - 'F'

S0499/0091

M

18

II

CIV - 'C' HIST - 'B' GEO - 'C' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'C' LIT ENG - 'C' PHY - 'C' CHEM - 'B' BIO - 'C' B/MATH - 'B'

S0499/0092

M

23

III

CIV - 'D' HIST - 'C' GEO - 'C' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'C' LIT ENG - 'C' BIO - 'D' B/MATH - 'D'

S0499/0093

M

33

IV

CIV - 'F' HIST - 'D' GEO - 'F' KISW - 'F' ENGL - 'D' LIT ENG - 'F' BIO - 'F' B/MATH - 'F'

S0499/0094

M

14

I

CIV - 'B' HIST - 'B' GEO - 'C' KISW - 'B' ENGL - 'B' LIT ENG - 'C' PHY - 'C' CHEM - 'B' BIO - 'C' B/MATH - 'A'

S0499/0095

M

17

I

CIV - 'B' HIST - 'B' GEO - 'B' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'B' LIT ENG - 'C' PHY - 'D' CHEM - 'C' BIO - 'C' B/MATH - 'C'

S0499/0096

M

18

II

CIV - 'B' HIST - 'B' GEO - 'C' KISW - 'B' ENGL - 'C' LIT ENG - 'C' PHY - 'D' CHEM - 'C' BIO - 'C' B/MATH - 'C'

S0499/0097

M

20

II

CIV - 'C' HIST - 'B' GEO - 'C' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'C' LIT ENG - 'C' BIO - 'D' B/MATH - 'C' COMM - 'C' B/KEEPING - 'D'

S0499/0098

M

27

IV

CIV - 'D' HIST - 'C' GEO - 'D' KISW - 'D' ENGL - 'D' LIT ENG - 'D' BIO - 'D' B/MATH - 'F'

S0499/0099

M

21

II

CIV - 'C' HIST - 'C' GEO - 'C' KISW - 'C' ENGL - 'C' LIT ENG - 'C' BIO - 'D' B/MATH - 'C' COMM - 'C' B/KEEPING - 'D'

EXAMINATION CENTRE OVERALL PERFORMANCE

EXAMINATION CENTRE REGION

KILIMANJARO

TOTAL PASSED CANDIDATES

99

EXAMINATION CENTRE GPA

2.7180 GRADE C (GOOD)

EXAMINATION CENTRE DIVISION PERFORMANCE

REGIST

ABSENT

SAT

WITHHELD

NO-CA

CLEAN

DIV I

DIV II

DIV III

DIV IV

DIV 0

99

0

99

0

0

99

22

36

28

13

0

EXAMINATION CENTRE SUBJECTS PERFORMANCE

CODE

SUBJECT NAME

REG

SAT

NO-CA

W/HD

CLEAN

PASS

GPA

COMPENTENCY LEVEL

011

CIVICS

99

99

0

0

99

97

2.9293

Grade C (Good)

012

HISTORY

99

99

0

0

99

98

2.5253

Grade B (Very Good)

013

GEOGRAPHY

99

99

0

0

99

96

3.0707

Grade C (Good)

021

KISWAHILI

99

99

0

0

99

98

2.9798

Grade C (Good)

022

ENGLISH LANGUAGE

99

99

0

0

99

98

2.8182

Grade C (Good)

024

LITERATURE IN ENGLISH

94

94

0

0

94

91

3.1702

Grade C (Good)

031

PHYSICS

49

49

0

0

49

47

3.5918

Grade C (Good)

032

CHEMISTRY

49

49

0

0

49

47

3.0204

Grade C (Good)

033

BIOLOGY

99

99

0

0

99

92

3.5859

Grade C (Good)

041

BASIC MATHEMATICS

99

99

0

0

99

59

3.5758

Grade C (Good)

061

COMMERCE

14

14

0

0

14

14

2.8571

Grade C (Good)

062

BOOK-KEEPING

14

14

0

0

14

12

3.7857

Grade D (Satisfactory)